County Tipperary in the 1830s Ireland Reaching Out

The strata constituting this formation are shale and sandstone the principal bed of the latter forming the main body of the elevated part of the coal hills the whole occupy a depression in the limestone strata from the borders of which they dip to a common centre those declining from the northwest having a descent about twice as rapid as those from the south eastern margin

An upscaling approach to predict mine water inflow from roof sandstone

Sep 1 2022The samples were prepared before loading the thin sections to observe the pore structure as follows 1 soaking the samples in pure ethanol to remove organic impurities 2 using an air pump to remove inorganic impurities from sample surfaces 3 gold spraying of samples to enhance the conductivity of the sandstone surface for SEM imaging

Effects of a rider coal and splay deposits on roof conditions in the

The Department of Energy s Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Hunters Hill Sandstone Quarry Fall of Rock Lanark 1910

A bed of sandstone in the coal measures about 40 feet thick was being extracted by stoop and room working The stoops that were left were about 30 feet square and the rooms about 40 to 50 feet wide The stoops were not removed There were vertical joints in the stone which ran or parallel to each other and from 30 to 50 feet apart

Risk Assessment of Water Inrush from Coal Seam Roof Based on

With the continuous reduction in coal resources in eastern China and the gradual shift of coal mining deployment to the west the types of mine water disasters have also changed from Ordovician limestone water inrush in the eastern region to water inrush in the thick sandstone aquifer on the coal seam roof in the western region [1 2 3] Mine water disasters severely restrict the safety of coal

1 School of Resources Engineering Xi an University of Architecture and Technology Xi an Shaanxi 710055 China 2 Xi an Research Institute of China Coal Technology Engineering Group Corp Xi an Shaanxi 710054 China 3 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Water Disaster Prevention and Control Technology Xi an Shaanxi 710177 China 4 School of Resources and Geosciences China University of Mining

sandstone coal mine roof

Weak sandstone mine roofs Coal Kentucky Geological 18/9/2024 Weak sandstone can cause roof falls in underground coal mines from Greb and Cobb 1987 Potential rooffall hazards Roof quality is usually good in sandstone but local weaknesses can occur along bedding The most commonly reported falls in sandstone which are not caused by combinations of fractures or other features are

Application of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflection Technology for

Nov 8 2022The top position of the monitoring optical cable embedded in the coal seam floor strata was 2 and 5 m below the no 10 coal seam floor respectively the lower end of the optical cable was located in the roof of the gas drainage roadway and the embedded position of the optical cable was in fine grained sandstone Supplemental Fig S 1

10 2024 0420

The composition of fine sand has a great influence on the compressive strength pre peak energy and impact energy index of the combined body and plays a decisive role in the mechanical properties and impact effect of the combined body and deduces the formula for calculating the elastic modulus of the coal rock combined body

Water Disaster Types and Water Control Measures of Hanxing Coal Mine Area

Wannian coal mine sandstone water entered the mine due to the fault and lead to mine water disasters 3 Damei roof sandstone water disaster The roof sandstone is indirect roof of 2# coal seam in some areas is direct roof The sandstone water is mainly fissure water and pore water water rich heterogeneity In the process of 2# coal mining

PDF FUNDAMENTALS OF COAL MINE ROOF SUPPORT ResearchGate

Direct in mine measurements of horizontal stress in Illinois Basin mines mostly in roofs above the two study coals have found a range in magnitudes from 1 207 to 3 191 psi and

sandstone coal mine roof

sandstone coal mine roof Ground Failures in Coal Mines with Weak Roof most difficult roof conditions The mine maps sandstone in the roof and has identified complete coal seam washouts where the coal has been replaced by thick sandstone paleochannels No mining takes place in proximity to these areas To access reserves a set of main

Mapping techniques for determining sandstone roof channel SCT

ABSTRACT Sandstone channels are constant hazards to coal mining operations the presence of a channel over a seam can result in thinning of the seam changes in stress orientations variation in stress intensity abrasive cutting roof hangup faulting jointing loading of the face and even wind blasts

Hydrogeological feasibility of mine water deep geological storage in

4 days ago1 INTRODUCTION Mine water treatment always plays an important role in the coal mining regions especially in the arid to semi arid zones Navarro et al 2024 of western China such as Ordos Basin and Tarim recede the threat of mine water hazard from roof aquifers a large number of alkaline saline mine water drainage projects P Li et al 2024 were commonly conducted in various

UNDERGROUND COAL MINE Mine Safety and Health Administration

The immediate mine roof consists of approximately 6 inches of shale which is overlain by a main roof of sandy shale and sandstone The mine is eight entries wide and 1600 feet deep Ventilation is provided by a single exhausting fan installed in the No 4 Drift which produces approximately 83 000 cubic feet per minute of air

Stackrock mine roofs Coal Kentucky Geological Survey University of

Definition and formation Miners refer to alternating horizontal or slightly inclined flat beds of sandstone shale siltstone and sometimes coal as stackrock In general the term is used when individual beds are inches to less than 3 feet thick The stacking of alternating beds of sandstone and shale in coal bearing strata is common

Energy evolution and water immersion induced weakening in sandstone

Aug 4 2022The sandstone samples were collected from the No 4 coal seam roof of the Panbei Coal Mine in Huainan and Huaibei Mining Area China Unweathered sandstone samples with good integrity and uniform texture were sealed in wax at the collection site and transported to the laboratory

Effect of Geological and Mining Factors on Roof Stability of OneMine

A Procedure for the Rapid Assessment of Coal Mine Roof Stabi The Science of Empirical Design in Mining Rock Mechanics The Design of Primary Ground Support during Roadway Developm Analysis of Alternatives for Using Cable Bolts as Primary Su An Approach to Predict Rock Mass Deformations in Three Dimen

Roof and Rib Safety WORK SAFE KENTUCKY

Combine this variable roof rock with other geologic factors such as faults ancient stream channels slips joints and fossils one can see why roof control is the most challenging safety problem in underground coal mines Mining personnel must cope with constantly changing geologic conditions every day

Sand Sandstone Mines KURG

Sand Sandstone Mines Sand is basically small crystals of silica which in their pure form are colourless or white They are often discoloured by impurities and whereas the usual colour of sand is yellowish orange it can be found in just about every colour imaginable It has had many uses over the years and is especially important nowadays

PDF Energy Evolution and Water Immersion Induced ResearchGate

Oct 4 2021The instability of underground spaces in abandoned coal mines with water immersed rocks is one of the main hazards hindering the geothermal energy utilization and ecological restoration

Control effect of coal mining solid waste backfill for ground surface

3 days agoThe cumulative coal mining solid wastes heaped on the ground surface have exceeded 6 billion tons There are over 1700 gangue mountains in China occupying over 13 000 hectares of land The quantity of coal mining solid wastes keeps increasing at a rate of 600 million tons per year Zhang et al 2024 2024 Adibee et al 2024 High intensity

Glossary of coal mining terminology Wikipedia

A bell bell stone or pan was a loose roughly bell shaped stone in the mine roof liable to fall without warning the cause of many coalmine fatalities Bells were usually found in shale but rarely in sandstone Bevin Boys Bevin Boys were men conscripted to work in the collieries during World War II in a scheme introduced by Ernest Bevin [4]

Mapping techniques for determining sandstone roof channel SCT

2024 Coal Operators Conference The University of Wollongong 18 12 14 February 2024 MAPPING TECHNIQUES FOR DETERMINING SANDSTONE ROOF CHANNEL PALEODRAINAGE DIRECTION IN COAL MINES Luc Daigle1 ABSTRACT Sandstone channels are constant hazards to coal mining operations the presence of a channel over a seam can result in thinning of the seam changes in stress orientations variation in

Nsw coal mines map

The Coal Mine Roof Rating CMRR a decade of experience International Journal of Coal Geology 45 NSW Mine Safety February 2024 NSW code of practice Strata control in underground coal mines Mark C Molinda G Barton T 2024 quartz lithic sandstone conglomerate chert sporadically carbonaceous mudstone coal and torbanite seams

Man charged with Workington burglary Little Ireland CLEATOR MOOR

TodaySouth from Cleator is Longlands Lake a former iron ore mine which is now a local beauty spot and haven for wildlife Longlands Lake nature reserve is on the site of the former Longlands iron ore mine that first produced ore in 1879 from four pits By 1924 the mines had been abandoned In 1939 the mines started to subside and flood the area

Experimental Study on Permeability Evolution of Deep Coal Considering

With the depletion of shallow mineral resources the sustainable development and utilization of deep mineral resources will become a normal activity As a type of clean energy to promote sustainable development gas in deep coal seams has attracted wide attention A better understanding of the permeability evolution induced by mining disturbance and the geological environment is of great

Directional hydraulic fracturing technology for prefabricated

Jun 29 2021The triaxial compression test was carried out on the 50 mm × 100 mm standard specimen to explore the characteristics of a coal mine roof sandstone The triaxial compression curve is shown in Figure 4 The uniaxial compressive strength was MPa the elastic modulus was MPa the Poisson s ratio was the internal friction angle

10 2024 0420

CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute Beijing 100013 China；4 bodies with coal components accumulates less energy before the peak stress and the combined bodies composed of fine sandstone and coarse sandstone accumulates more energy before the peak stress and the pre peak energy of the combined body increases with the proportion of

IJERPH Free Full Text Occurrence Location and Propagation

1 day agoThe location and characteristics of the vibration event in the heading face of a coal mine are of great significance for the monitoring and early warning of rock burst The aim of the study is to reveal the occurrence location and propagation characteristics of macro vibration events in a heading face of coal mine After statistics and analysis the occurrence location of the events is mostly